Weak electricity engineering is a concealed project, and it is also the connecting nerve of smart home. Compared with strong electricity, everyone may have less understanding of weak electricity transformation. In addition to strong electricity in circuit construction and transformation, weak electricity is also a very important project. Today, Hippo will share the strategy of the uncle who has been working as an electrician for 20 years on the transformation project of weak electricity projects.
Distinguish between weak and strong electricity
Digital home and smart home are the direction of home development, and weak electricity is a key project to achieve a multi-functional, highly intelligent home environment. Many owners have no idea what to do with weak electricity, and how to plan layout. This is not conducive to creating a comfortable and intelligent environment. So let's first take a look at the basics about weak electricity.
1, weak electricity vs strong electricity
The difference between weak current and strong electricity is mainly the difference in use. Strong electricity is used to transmit power energy, that is, electricity. Weak current is used for information transmission and control. The characteristics of strong electricity are high voltage, large current, high power and low frequency, which are harmful to people. The weak current is characterized by low voltage, small current, low power and low frequency, which is not enough to cause fatal damage to people. Air-conditioning lines, lighting lines, and socket lines in the home belong to strong electric lines, while TV lines and network lines belong to weak electric lines.
2, home improvement weak electricity transformation plan
The weak electricity planning of the home should follow the principle of “practical, appropriate and advancedâ€, and consider the potential demand according to actual needs and consumption capacity, and choose a suitable renovation plan. Try to consider as much as possible, because if you want to increase later, you can only take the bright line, affecting the beauty of the home, so it is better to try to get it in one step.
Introduction of weak current construction materials
Like weak electricity, weak electricity is a concealed project. If it is repaired later due to material quality problems, the cost will be great. Therefore, we must pay great attention to quality when selecting materials in the early stage. Below, let's take a look at the materials commonly used in the weak power transformation, as well as the matters to be aware of when purchasing.
1, electric hua line
The electric hua wire is composed of copper core wire, and the number of cores can determine the number of hua extensions that can be connected. The common specifications are two cores and four cores. The use of two cores in home decoration is generally enough, but if you need to link the computer to dial-up Internet, try to use the four-core electric hua cable.
2, TV line
At present, there are mainly two kinds of cable coaxial cable and digital TV coaxial cable. In terms of anti-interference, digital TV cable is superior to cable TV coaxial cable, so digital TV coaxial cable is recommended.
3, network cable
The network cable mainly has three kinds of twisted pair, coaxial cable and optical cable. The characteristics and prices of the three different lines are different, and when selected, they are mainly selected based on performance and price.
4, audio and video lines
The lines for realizing the transmission of music and video mainly include audio lines, audio lines, and audio and video lines. The popular name of the audio line is the speaker cable, which is mainly used for connecting the power amplifier and the speaker in the home theater in the living room; the audio cable is used to send the output signals of the laser CD player, DVD, etc. in the home theater in the living room. The connection of the signal input terminals of the background music power amplifier; the audio and video lines are mainly used for the application of the home audio-visual system.
With the development of home intelligence, the variety and quantity of weak wire materials will increase, and the quality requirements will be higher and higher. So how do you choose a weak wire that meets your needs and is affordable? You can refer to the following purchasing experience.
1, look at the quality of copper
Copper determines the quality of the wire, and has a great impact on the speed, sound quality and image quality. At present, the weak wire and wire market is low due to the low entry threshold, the copper is also very different, and the price of wire is also uneven. The copper core size of the network cable ranges from 0.35 to 0.58mm. It is recommended that the cable be 0.45-0.5mm oxygen-free copper core wire.
2, look at the brand
It is important to choose a brand, and most brands can represent product quality. The weak wire brands on the market are Akihabara, Philips, Ampere Yongxing, Datang, Putian, TCL, etc. But be careful not to buy brand fakes.
3, weak wire tube
The weak electricity is the same as the strong electricity. Generally, the circuit is placed in the wire tube and then buried in the wire trough. Therefore, an important material that needs to be used in the construction of weak electricity is the line pipe. The conduit used for weak current can be the same as that used for strong electricity. The PVC conduit is commonly used, but the color is distinguished as much as possible. However, if the distance is too strong, the weak electricity can be galvanized steel pipe to reduce signal interference.
4, other weak electrical accessories
In addition to the need to use a variety of wires and conduits for weak current retrofits, some additional accessories are required. Such as weak boxes, crystal heads, patch panels, weak boxes, cats, routers, network switches, etc.
Weak current construction process
In fact, the focus of home improvement weak electricity is in the design layout, and the installation is generally carried out together with the strong electricity, and the installation process is basically the same, that is, according to the steps of positioning, slotting, wiring and the like.
1. It is recommended to configure centralized management of weak boxes.
As the demand for weak electricity increases, weak current lines will become increasingly complex, so it is necessary to centrally manage weak currents. The owner can install a weak electrical box similar to a strong electrical box to centrally manage and maintain the computers, televisions, security monitoring equipment and other network information appliances in the home.
The general size of the home weak box is 320X260mm. There are two methods: wall mounted and concealed. The wall mounted is placed in the wall or placed in the corner. The concealed box is embedded in the wall. It is usually installed around 30cm from the ground. The installation needs to consider whether the thickness of the wall is sufficient to carry the box.
2, weak wiring method: parallel
Most of the weak current wiring of the family adopts the "star topology wiring" method, that is, the parallel connection is adopted, and the centralized aggregation is concentrated into the weak electric box to implement centralized management. This is a substitute for the “bus topology†in the past. Parallel emphasis is that each line is independent, which can avoid the flaw of the whole system caused by a single point of failure, and facilitate the expansion of a single line.
3. Determine the line termination point
As with the construction of strong electricity, before the weak electricity construction, firstly, according to the design drawing of the weak electric wiring, combined with the point diagram of the wall, the position of the cassette at each point is marked with a pencil, a ruler or an ink fountain. Except for special requirements, the height of the cassette is the same as that of the original strong electric socket, and the height of the background music tuning switch should be the same as the height of the original high-power switch. If there are multiple cassettes together, the distance between the cassettes is at least 10mm.
4, determine the routing and slotting
According to the terminal point, determine the slotting route. When determining the route, the principle of the shortest route should be followed, the principle of strong electric power should not be destroyed, and the principle of waterproofing should not be destroyed.
The number of conduits is determined according to the number of weak wires, and then the width of the conduit is determined; the depth of the conduit is generally about 5 mm larger than the diameter of the conduit. Use a cutting machine to cut the wire trough on the wall surface along the well-printed ink line. The trough needs to be horizontal and vertical and uniform in size.
5, thread sealing groove
All weak wires must be laid through the pipe, so first it is necessary to lay the pipe and then thread the wire. Then install the wire box, install the panel, and so on. Finally seal the groove, pay attention to the wall surface after the sealing, the ground should not be higher than the plane. After the installation is complete, remember to clean the construction site and remove the garbage.
Weak wiring construction specifications
The weak electricity transmission is information. If it is disturbed, the TV in the home will affect the function due to the bad signal. How to minimize this situation? This requires protection during weak current construction.
1. Strong and weak electric lines need to be separately routed
A major taboo in the circuit transformation is that the construction team will house all the lines together for the convenience of construction. The consequence of this is that the lines will be disturbed, causing the signal to be unstable and leaving a fire hazard. Therefore, when the circuit is rebuilt, the strong and weak electricity should be separated. It is forbidden to share a tube and a bottom box with strong and weak electricity. The parallel spacing of the strong electric lines should not be lower than 30cm, as far as 50cm, the intersection must be at right angles.
The pipe of the weak electricity should be made of steel pipe or rigid PVC pipe. The price of PVC pipe is relatively cheap, which is more common, but there is no copper pipe for signal shielding effect. Therefore, if there is a local interference source in the step line and the minimum net distance requirement cannot be met, the steel pipe should be used as the threading pipe.
2, separate weak wires need to be separated
In order to avoid signal interference, weak wires such as network cables and cable TV lines should be separately piped during circuit construction and should not be worn in the same pipe.
3, first pipe and then trace
The construction of weak current is the same as that of strong electricity. During construction, the pipeline should be installed first and then threaded. This will prevent the line from being twitched when the line is changed in the future.
4, avoid too many lines in the same tube
When laying, it should be changed according to the number of wires worn in the pipe. In the same pipe, it should not exceed four. It is forbidden to fill the inner space of the pipe. The pipe diameter utilization ratio of the straight pipe should be 50%~60%, and the pipe diameter utilization ratio of the pipe should be 40%~50%.
5, avoid walking off the right angle bend
When wiring, pay attention to the line tube not directly break the right angle, so it is easy to cause the line to wear, and the signal is also very large, try to connect with a big bend.
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