Core tips:

"Car Society" is a book published by the senior journalist and editor of the Xinhua News Agency, Mr. Nan Chen, in 2007. It focuses on research and report on the automotive society monograph that China is expected to usher. The book is also the sister-in-law of the "Car Family", which was exclusively published by Mr. Nan Chen in the first half of this year. Now authorized by Mr. Nan Chen, Gasgoo.com will publish the book serialized, so stay tuned!

(This article is an excerpt from the second chapter of the "Car Society" section of "Car Society Cannot Go Beyond the Limits of the Environment", Section II "Comparison of Air Quality and Number of Exhaust Pipes").

Social background sketch:

A recent study funded by the Asian Development Bank shows that the carbon dioxide emissions from motor vehicles in Asia will be three times higher in the next 25 years, and this is still the most optimistic estimate based on the current management of road traffic expansion.

The report, entitled "Energy Efficiency and Climate Change: Reflections on Land Transportation in Asia," warns that the level of air pollution and congestion caused by transportation will further expand until it seriously affects people's effective travel and efficient transportation of goods.

The report provides a comprehensive analysis of the relationship between transport and climate change in Asia over the next 25 years and also provides a comprehensive assessment of the current and future emissions of greenhouse gases in the transport industry in Asia.

The current per capita motor vehicle ownership in all countries in emerging Asia is still at a relatively low level, but with the acceleration of the development and urbanization process in these countries, this level will rapidly increase.

For example, in the next 30 years, the number of Chinese cars and off-road vehicles may be 15 times that of the current 190 million vehicles. The number of Indian cars may increase by 13 times. Correspondingly, the amount of carbon dioxide emitted by Chinese road vehicles is expected to increase by 3.4 times, and India will increase by 5.8 times.

ADB Regional Director of Sustainable Development Bindu? Rohani said: "If we want to make progress in slowing down greenhouse gas emissions in the transport sector, we need extensive cooperation and participation from all parties." He said: "The problem must be solved in a comprehensive manner. This means changing the existing mode of transport and improving the urban development model to minimize the distance and frequency that people need to travel."

By the World Health Organization expert Michal? According to research provided by Krizzhnovski, air pollution has caused 530,000 deaths in Asian cities each year. The report warns that with the acceleration of urbanization, the urban environment in Asian countries is not optimistic. Air pollution has reached serious levels in many Asian cities. The number of premature deaths from urban air pollution in the world exceeds 750,000, of which 530,000 are in Asian countries and regions.

Environmental experts believe that the main culprit of air pollution is respirable particulate matter (PM10), a substance produced by the burning of fossil fuels. The majority of Asia's cities have inhalable particulate matter that comes from exhaust emissions from cars.

The ADB report warns: “The concentration of particulate matter in cities such as Dhaka, Hanoi, Ho Chi Minh City, Jakarta, Kathmandu, Kolkata, New Delhi, Beijing and Shanghai has been seriously exceeded.” The report said that many cities in Asia have concentrations of inhalable particles in excess of one cubic meter per cubic meter. 70 micrograms. WHO stipulates that the concentration of respirable particles should be less than 20 micrograms per cubic meter. The ADB report recommends: "Reducing the concentration of respirable particulate matter below the specified level will reduce the number of deaths due to air pollution by 15% per year."

To solve these problems, representatives from 20 Asian countries and regions called on the government to raise fuel quality and emission standards, promote clean and alternative energy sources, encourage residents to use public transport, and promote low-energy and low-emission urban housing.

Nanchen observation flashback:

The quality of fuel oil should also be in line with international standards. Li Xinmin, Deputy Director of the Department of Pollution Control of the State Environmental Protection Administration (SEPA), introduced at the second International Conference on Pollution Control of Motor Vehicles at the end of 2006. The relevant authorities in China will issue revised standards for unleaded gasoline for vehicles. From December 31st of this year, the sulphur content of unleaded gasoline nationwide will be reduced to 150ppm. By that time, China will eliminate gasoline with a sulfur content of 500ppm. On the same day, Xu Hui, deputy director of the Science and Technology Development Department of China Petroleum & Chemical Corporation, said that Sinopec will invest nearly 30 billion yuan to upgrade production equipment and processes, reduce the sulfur content of gasoline to less than 150ppm, and supply it to meet Euro 3 emission standards. City vehicle diesel.



In recent years, the number of motor vehicles in China has soared year after year. According to Li Xinmin, urban air pollution in China is changing from soot-type pollution to mixed pollution from soot and motor vehicles. Due to the low quality of oil used by motor vehicles in China and the low level of emissions, motor vehicles have become the major source of pollution in large and medium-sized cities.

Looking back at the changes in China's exhaust emission standards for motor vehicles, it is not difficult for people to find that we are not slow to catch up with the developed countries. From "State 0" to "State 1" and then to "State 2", "State 3" and "State 4", there are new cars required by Beijing Municipality that must be loaded with OBD (Automatic On-Board Diagnostic System), and the environmental protection department should apply to car manufacturers. Continuously increase the emission threshold. However, a contradiction also emerges: As the emission standards and the environmental performance of the vehicle are upgraded, the current situation of lagging fuel quality in China has become a major bottleneck for the implementation of energy-saving and environmentally-friendly models such as environmental protection and diesel vehicles.

For example, in recent years, reporters have received complaints from many owners of car quality problems, many of whom are caused by poor fuel quality. Some consumers love cars that cause valve damage due to excessive fuel gums, and some have serious carbon deposits due to unclean fuel. Because it is difficult and difficult to find fuel suppliers to find evidence, consumers sometimes can only “carry the bowl” to the top of the car manufacturer.

For another example, after Beijing asked the new car to be loaded with OBD, what is the problem faced by the owners is what happens in Beijing's urban areas? After running for a long distance, once the OBD alarm is caused due to unqualified fuel, according to the regulations of the environmental protection department, consumers must visit the 4S shop within a certain period of time. This undoubtedly caused consumers time and money losses.

Merrylin Zaw-Mon, director of the Office of Transportation and Air Quality at the US Federal Environmental Protection Agency, introduced in Beijing. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), about 800,000 people die each year from urban air pollution. In addition, air pollution can also cause chronic diseases, increase hospitalization, and reduce visibility. Reducing the sulfur content in fuel is the key to reducing traffic pollution emissions. Because sulfur can damage the catalyst, reducing sulfur directly reduces particulate emissions. Experience has shown that the U.S. clean fuel and auto projects have brought great health benefits, and they also show economic advantages. The benefits far outweigh the costs. The cumulative success of the United States Clean Air Act’s six most successful historical projects (four of which are primarily targeted at mobile sources) exceeds US$500 billion in annual revenue, while annual costs do not exceed US$20 billion.

The reporter once drove a Mercedes-Benz E-class diesel car from Paris, France, to St. Petersburg, Russia. After entering Eastern Europe, these energy-saving and environmentally friendly diesel vehicles need to be supplemented with clean diesel fuel from the accompanying tankers. According to Mercedes-Benz's global communications director Johannes? Refunas said that after investigations in advance, some countries in the Mercedes-Benz Eurasia tour had sulfur content as high as 3,300 ppm and mixed with water and sand. In some parts of China, the sulphur content of diesel exceeds 1000ppm, while the European clean diesel standard is 10ppm.

According to Huang Gang, deputy general manager of Dongfeng Commercial Vehicle Co., Ltd. Dongfeng Automobile Co., Ltd., the quality of fuel oil for vehicles currently sold on the market cannot fully meet emission requirements, leading to a serious decline in the emission levels of in-use vehicles that meet emissions regulations. Taking No. 0 diesel as an example, the sulfur content of commercially available diesel in most parts of the country is 1500 ppm.

It is not easy to achieve a reduction in fuel sulfur content. China's large amount of imported crude oil has high sulphur content. Sinopec imported crude oil from January to October 2006 had an average sulphur content of 1.11%, while the company imported crude oil in 1999 with a sulphur content of only 0.17%. Xu Hui, deputy director of the Science and Technology Development Department of China Petroleum & Chemical Corporation, said that the cleanliness of fuel must meet the challenges of processing crude oil.

Tang Dagang, the motor vehicle's sewage monitoring center of the State Environmental Protection Administration, suggested that it is necessary to formulate the four-phase vehicle diesel specification as soon as possible and give the petrochemical sector sufficient time to prepare. The recommended stage 4 sulfur content is less than 50ppm, and the 5 stage sulfur content is less than 10ppm. It was started on January 1, 2008 and January 1, 2011, respectively, on January 1, 2011 and January 1, 2013. Implemented nationwide.

The Ministry of Commerce has issued the “Administrative Measures for the Refined Oil Market” and “Administrative Measures for the Crude Oil Market”, which has been implemented since January 1, 2007, and has opened the right to wholesale domestic crude oil and refined oil products. According to relevant persons from the Ministry of Commerce, after the implementation of the above two measures, it will break the country’s unified configuration of crude oil resources and the centralized wholesale and refined oil products of PetroChina and Sinopec, allowing qualified companies to engage in wholesale operations of crude oil and refined oil in China. The oil market will gradually form a pattern in which large state-owned oil companies, multinational oil companies, and social management units will participate in competition.

The reporter believes that after the disappearance of the threshold, domestic petrochemical enterprises should improve the quality of fuel as soon as possible and increase the strength to compete with multinational oil companies. The domestic fuel price must be in line with international standards, and the quality of combustible oil must be in line with international standards as soon as possible.