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Comprehensive Analysis of Weak Electricity Security Room Engineering
The computer room is the hub of various information systems. Only by constructing a high-reliability overall room environment can the host computer and communication equipment be protected from external factors, and the impact of environmental factors on the information system can be eliminated. Therefore, the goal of the computer room construction project is not only to provide a comfortable and good working environment for the staff of the computer room, but it is even more important to ensure that important equipment such as computers and network systems can operate in a long-term and reliable manner.
The computer room construction includes not only the various specialties involved in the equipment room, such as room decoration, power supply and distribution, air conditioning, integrated wiring, safety monitoring, equipment monitoring and fire control systems, but also consultation and planning of the overall solution from the data center to the power equipment room. Design, manufacture, installation and maintenance services cannot be viewed in isolation from each other in the standby room, but should be seen as a larger unified system for design and implementation to improve overall program implementation reliability, availability, safety and ease of implementation. Manageability.
Room decoration system
Room decoration engineering is not only a decoration project, but more importantly, it is a multi-disciplinary and multi-field integration of electrotechnics, electronics, architectural decoration, aesthetics, HVAC purification, computer science, weak electrical control, fire protection, etc. Engineering, and related to computer network engineering and other professional engineering projects. In design and construction, great attention should be paid to the aspects of power supply and distribution methods, air purification, environmental temperature control, safety precautions, and anti-static, anti-electromagnetic radiation and anti-jamming, waterproof, lightning protection, fire prevention, moisture protection, and rat protection to ensure The computer system works normally for a long time.
Computer room ceiling project
The ceiling decoration of the computer room adopts the ceiling method. The main function of the suspended ceiling in the machine room is: the space above the ceiling to the ceiling is used as the static pressure air supply or return wind room of the engine room, ventilation ducts can be arranged, and fixed lighting fixtures, wiring, various tuyere, automatic fire extinguishing detectors are installed; Dust drops and more. The machine room shall be made of metal aluminum ceilings, and the aluminum plates and their components shall be of light weight, fireproof, moisture-proof, sound-absorbing, non-dusting, and dust-free.
The ceiling of the computer room mainly has the following functions
The space above the ceiling to the ceiling (or upper floor) is used as the static air supply or return air storage for the equipment room. When not used as a wind bank, it can be used to arrange ventilation ducts. Install fixed lighting fixtures and cabling. Install and fix all kinds of air outlets. Install fixed fire detectors. Prevent dust from falling.
In summary, the suspended ceiling should have a certain carrying capacity and must be able to withstand the weight of all installed equipment. According to the mode of use, the space above the ceiling should have an interval of 300mm~800mm. When the air conditioning pipeline is installed on the ceiling, the spacing should be determined according to the structure of the air duct, and there should be room for personnel to install and maintain. The ceiling member is preferably detachable, at least in a defined location, so that personnel can access the ceiling space. If the space above the ceiling is used as a static pressure air storage room for air conditioning, dust prevention measures shall be taken for the space above the ceiling and the roof to prevent dust from falling into the equipment room through the ceiling. The selected ceiling panels and their components shall also be lightweight, fireproof, moisture-proof, sound-absorbing, dust-free, and dust-free.
In order to make the ceiling board also behave like a moving floor, it can be easily assembled regardless of the shape and area of ​​the room, and it can meet the requirements of fire protection, sound absorption and heat insulation. People often use aluminum perforated ceiling panels. The aluminum perforated ceiling tile is a lightweight aluminum housing with through holes of different hole pitches and apertures, and the filled material has sound and fire resistance.
Room wall engineering
The purpose of the room interior wall decoration is to protect the wall materials, ensure the indoor conditions of use, and create a comfortable, beautiful and clean environment. The decorative effect of the interior wall is composed of three factors: texture, lines and color. At present, in the computer room wall decoration the most common wall material (such as aluminum plate, color steel plate), etc., its characteristics: the surface is flat, airtight, easy to clean, can not afford dust, no deformation. The wall base is made of moisture-proof, shielded and heat-insulated.
The thickness of the civil wall must meet the heat load requirements, so that the indoor heat load is reduced to a minimum. The materials used should be non-flammable and have good heat insulation, sound insulation and sound absorption.
There are many types of materials applied on the wall surface. The designer can refer to the relevant data for reasonable selection according to the actual situation. It is required that dust, static electricity, and non-toxic materials are not easily generated.
Computer room partition project
In order to ensure that there are no internal pillars in the engine room, the long-span structure is often used in computer room buildings. Different requirements of the different equipments of the computer system to the environment are convenient for air conditioning control, dust control, noise control, and room management. The partition walls are often used to divide the large room space into smaller functional areas. The partition wall should be light and thin, and it should be soundproofed and insulated. Many fireproof doors and windows are used in the outer doors and windows of the computer room. Generally, frameless glass doors are used in the machine room to ensure the safety of the engine room and the transparent and bright effect of the room.
Sound insulation
The infrastructure of the engine room needs to be soundproofed. The selection of soundproofing materials must meet the requirements of environmental protection, and make the whole sound-absorbing environment inside the room, so as to ensure the construction purpose is achieved.
Computer room ground engineering
In the technical construction of the engine room project, the computer room ground engineering is a very important component. The floor of the computer room generally uses antistatic raised floor. The movable floor has detachable features. Therefore, the connection of the wires and cables, the connection of the pipelines, and the overhaul and replacement of all the equipment are very convenient. The space under the movable floor can be used as a static air supply air storage room. The cold air sent from the air conditioner of the equipment room is sent into the cabinets of the indoor and heating equipment through the movable floor with air distribution outlets. Due to the interchangeability of the air outlet floor and the general movable floor, Therefore, the distribution of air flow in the room can be freely adjusted. The ground surface under the raised floor is generally damp-proof. If the space under the raised floor is used as the air-conditioner for the air-conditioning in the engine room, the floor under the raised floor needs to be insulated to ensure that the surface of the floor will not condense due to the temperature difference between the ground and the cold air during the cold air delivery.
Insulation
In the computer room construction system, the heat preservation environment construction can be said to be the most important thing. The construction of the insulation system directly determines the operating costs of the engine room system. The establishment of an excellent insulation environment can effectively control the electricity, maintenance and management costs generated by the operation of the computer room environment. Beijing Xintian Power focuses on the coordination of customer self-management and management cost control after system operation. Only from this point of view can we truly establish a computer room management system that is most suitable and most suitable for customers.
The computer room solid-state electromagnetic shielding project generally has three forms: the welding electromagnetic shielding shell, the assembly type electromagnetic shielding shell and the membrane shielding, and a multi-layer shielding body. The welded electromagnetic shielding shell is designed to weld the pre-processed unit metal plate into a whole in the machine room to form an electromagnetic shielding shell. Assembled electromagnetic shielding shells are prefabricated as a component of the shielding shell and assembled in the engine room to form an electromagnetic shielding shell. Membrane shielding is a kind of metal film attached to a supporting metal film structure, not relying on the supporting force of the metal film itself, and the metal thin wax resists electromagnetic field interference. Multi-layer shielding is to make the shielding surface into multiple layers, leaving a small space between the surface and metal, rather than close contact together, in a small space filled with air or other dielectric, multi-layer shielding can play well Shielding effect.
The electromagnetic shielding of the computer room should be selected based on the performance and safety requirements of the equipment in the equipment room. There are generally the following three methods: shielded room, shielded room, equipment, special shielding.
The computer room is shielded to protect the political, economic, and military security of the country and the department. It is necessary to use shielded means to prevent computer leaks. The shielded workshop is a shielding method that is used in a local area to protect confidentiality and prevent the reduction of electromagnetic field interference. The equipment special shielding is to ensure that the electronic equipment debugging and maintenance is correct, and it needs to be performed in a place without electromagnetic signal interference. This kind of shielding is specially prepared for the debugging of the equipment.
Room lightning protection system
As we all know, lightning is extremely destructive. The number of casualties and property losses caused by lightning strikes each year is second only to floods and greater than any other disaster. The scope of the lightning disaster covers almost all walks of life. In particular, large-scale integrated circuits are the core components of measurement, monitoring, protection, communications, computer networks and other advanced electronic devices widely used in electricity, aviation, defense, communications, broadcasting, finance, transportation, petrochemical, medical and other modern life. In the field, these electronic devices have the disadvantages of weak transient overvoltage and overcurrent tolerance. Transient overvoltages may cause damage to electronic devices or cause misoperation, resulting in greater economic loss and social impact. .
The computer room AC power supply system uses three-phase five-wire power supply. The goal of the lightning protection design of the power supply system is to ensure the safety of equipment room and staff and prevent lightning strikes due to the power supply system.
The total power of the room is taken from the building's total low voltage distribution room. From the time the AC power supply line enters the main power distribution cabinet, to the power supply inlet end of the computer room equipment, the power supply system itself should adopt hierarchical coordination measures, and should also coordinate with the lightning protection, lightning protection, and grounding lines of the signal system. with.
Anti-direct lightning
The main structures of modern lightning protection equipment are lightning receptors (lightning rods, lightning protection strips, lightning conductors, lightning protection nets, metal roofs, etc.), deflectors (metal round bars, flat strips, steel bars, metal pillars, etc.) and grounding devices. composition.
Anti-inductive mine
Inductive lightning protection measures are to limit and block the lightning pulse along the power line or data, signal line into the device, thereby protecting the safety of various types of electrical equipment within the building. The internal lightning protection is mainly composed of a surge protector (SPD), a shielding system, an equipotential bonding system, a common grounding system, and a reasonable wiring system. The installation of lightning arresters is an effective measure to shunt inductive lightning currents and limit surge overvoltages. It can be divided into power supply lightning protection, signal lightning protection and antenna feed lightning protection.
shield
Shielding is one of the basic means of preventing any form of electromagnetic interference. It is to surround the objects to be protected with conductors such as metal meshes, foils, shells, or metal tubes so that the electromagnetic pulse waves of the lightning are completely cut off from the space invading channels. All shields and shells must be grounded. The purpose of shielding is to limit the propagation of electromagnetic energy inside a certain area and to prevent or reduce the propagation of external electromagnetic radiation energy to the protected space.
Equipotential bonding
The equipotential bonding is to connect separate devices, conductive objects with equipotential bonding conductors or surge protectors, and finally connect with equipotential bonding busbars. The purpose is to eliminate all metal components and information in the lightning protection space. ) The potential difference between the systems.
Grounding system
Grounding is one of the most effective means of diverting and evacuating direct lightning and lightning electromagnetic interference energy, and is also the basis of potential equalization compensation system. The purpose is to allow lightning currents to be discharged to the earth through a low-impedance grounding system to protect the safety of buildings, people, and equipment. Lightning protection devices, building metal components, low-voltage distribution protection lines (PE), equipotential bonding strips, equipment protection grounds, AC/DC working grounds, shielding grounds, lightning protection grounds, and static electricity prevention grounds Common grounding system.
According to relevant regulations of the National Meteorological Administration, the design and construction of lightning protection projects must be carried out by professional companies with relevant qualifications; after the completion of the lightning protection project, it must be reported to the relevant departments for acceptance.
Computer room distribution system
The load of the engine room must be designed separately according to the on-site power supply load of the equipment room. Computer room load is divided into main equipment load and auxiliary equipment load. The main equipment load refers to the computer host, server, network equipment, and communication equipment. Since these equipments process data in real time and transmit in real time, the requirements for the quality and reliability of the power supply are the highest. This part of the power distribution system is called "equipment supply and distribution system". It should use UPS uninterruptible power supply to ensure the stability and reliability of the power supply, and can be equipped with corresponding batteries to support the power supply for a certain period of time in case of sudden power failure. supply. Auxiliary equipment load refers to dedicated precision air conditioning system, power equipment, lighting equipment, test equipment, etc. Its power distribution system is called "auxiliary power distribution system", and its power supply is directly powered by the mains.
The electrical construction in the machine room shall be made of high-quality flame-retardant PVC insulated cables, galvanized iron wire slots and sockets. Distribution line installed over-current, overload protection. Sockets should be divided into mains and UPS signs that are easy to distinguish. The engine room often uses the special distribution cabinet for the engine room to standardize the power distribution system for the equipment room to ensure the safety of the power distribution system for the equipment room.
The engine room is generally powered by dual circuits of utility power and generators, and the generator serves as the main backup power source.
Air conditioning and fresh air system
The function of the computer room precision air conditioning system is to ensure that the equipment in the equipment room can run continuously, stably, and reliably. The heat emitted from the equipment in the equipment room and other heat sources needs to be exhausted to maintain the constant temperature and humidity in the equipment room and control the dust content of the air in the equipment room. To this end, the engine room precision air conditioning system is required to have the ability to send air, return air, heat, humidify, cool, dehumidify, and purify the air. The computer room precision air conditioning system is the most important equipment to ensure a good machine room environment. A constant temperature and humidity precision air conditioning system should be used.
The new ventilation system in the equipment room has two main functions: one is to provide enough fresh air to the equipment room to create a good working environment for the staff; the other is to maintain a positive pressure difference in the equipment room to prevent dust from entering and ensure that the equipment room is better Cleanliness.
The form of air flow in the computer room should be combined with the requirements of the computer system and the construction conditions. The location of the air ducts and air outlets of the new air exhaust system should be rationally coordinated with the air-conditioning system and the indoor structure. The air volume is based on the amount of air-conditioning air supply and the number of operators in the equipment room. One-half of the fresh air volume is 50m3/h. The fresh air ventilation system can be installed by hanging or cabinet-type units, and the fresh air can be Two-way independent cycle of dirty air. The new air ventilation system should be equipped with fire dampers and can be linked with the fire protection system. Once a fire accident occurs, it can automatically cut off the fresh air into the air. If the machine room is an unattended room, there is no need to set up a fresh air ventilation system.
Uninterrupted power supply system room
The high availability of the computer field power system is based on the complete power supply and distribution system of the power system from high voltage, low voltage, UPS to outlet. Each link in the power system is scalable and manageable; low-voltage power distribution automatic switching systems and UPS redundant systems, etc. For these systems, we must not only carefully design, but also meticulous construction and systematic testing.
As we all know, it is important to choose the UPS brand, and the UPS system power installation service is more important. For the UPS supporting power distribution system, the parameters of the air switch configuration are stable, the protection is complete, the overload and short-circuit arc extinction breaking capacity is strong, and the selected installation location of the surge voltage absorption device must be systematically and carefully designed. The installation environment of UPS and battery equipment, floor load-bearing issues, UPS heat generation, and environmental heat load configuration on the cooling capacity of air conditioners are the core of the precision engine room system solutions. Due to the omnidirectional protection of the UPS system facilities, not only can the UPS system work stably, but also greatly reduce the load failure range of the UPS system, thereby improving the high reliability of the UPS power supply and distribution system.
Computer room fire protection system
(1) The fire safety of electrical room equipment must be fully considered during design. However, in terms of current computer room construction, many project owners are contracted to a professional computer room construction company in the form of general contract, covering all decoration and main Equipment, software, and fire-fighting facilities basically reach the turnkey project. The owner's requirement for fire protection is basically "the fire department has passed the acceptance check and everything is fine!" This concept of fire protection is basically stuck at the level of passive consumption, and our country's fire management and management Compared with other developed countries, it is very weak. The fire department cannot impeccablely supervise every project. The maximization of profit drives firefighting into difficult progress in the general contract. This is only one of the reasons for the lack of investment. Second, most of the equipment in the equipment room is sophisticated equipment, but the firefighting facilities still remain at the level of “acceptance through inspection!†Minimizing the damage may be the design realm that every fire designer wants to achieve. At present, many fire products on the market can do it. But once everyone mentions this problem, there is an immediate problem: the money is not enough! Thirdly, computer room construction companies are very professional in computer and decoration, but they are unfamiliar with the science of firefighting applications. They are often overly deducted when estimating investments, making many projects undervalued, and computer room building companies should communicate with fire companies regularly. , And determine three to four fire fighting and working units for long-term cooperation, which can reduce the cost and improve the performance of fire engineering.
(2) A short circuit, overload, or excessive contact resistance of the electrical circuit causes a fire accident. Such as: 1995 Guangdong Shantou Jinsha Posts and Telecommunications Building, a major fire, is due to aging wires, insulation properties caused by a short circuit; 2001 Hainan Telecom Corporation microwave building fire due to the power supply terminal contact resistance is too large;
(3) Static electricity creates fire. The operation of communication equipment and the clothes worn by workers can generate static electricity. If the telecommunication equipment room is improperly grounded, the generated static electricity load can not be led to the earth soon but becomes more and more. Once high potential is formed, static electricity will be generated, sparks will be generated, and ignition of nearby flammable materials will occur.
(4) Lightning and other strong intrusion cause fire. The electrical effects generated during lightning discharge can generate surge voltages of up to several tens of thousands volts and even hundreds of thousands of volts, enough to burn down power lines and equipment, cause insulation breakdown, and cause short-circuit fires. The thermal effects, electrostatic induction, and electromagnetic induction generated during lightning discharge may all cause fires;
(5) Long-term power-on of computers, air-conditioners, etc. in the telecommunication room, causing fires due to equipment failures. In May 2000, the operation terminal of the transmission room of the Beijing Branch of Daxing County Qingyundian Branch of Beijing Telecom Company caused a fire due to spontaneous combustion of the monitor due to prolonged operation, resulting in transmission room crashes and 20,000 fixed telephone users failing to communicate properly. Since the power equipment in the telecommunications room is always in a 24-hour working state, it is prone to fatigue and aging.
(6) The use of flammable finishing materials, especially air-conditioning insulation and duct insulation, is easily overlooked by people;
(7) Inadequate management, flammable and explosive materials, or flammable and explosive cleaning solvents;
The fire monitoring in the engine room can be used as a part of the centralized monitoring of the engine room or as part of the building where the equipment room is located. The fire-fighting measures in the engine room require that the selection of building decoration materials in the engine room be fireproof. The fire extinguishing method in the machine room must be inert gas extinguishing as required, and it must be decided according to the actual situation.
Computer room monitoring system
The equipment room environment and power equipment monitoring system is mainly the operation status, temperature, humidity, cleanliness, power supply voltage of equipment room equipment (such as power supply and distribution system, UPS power supply, lightning protection device, air conditioning, fire protection system, security access control system, etc.) , current, frequency, switching status of power distribution system, leak detection system, etc. Real-time monitoring and recording of historical data, realizing the management functions of remote sensing, remote signaling, remote control, and remote adjustment of the equipment room, providing powerful management and safe operation for the equipment room The guarantee.
Power parameter monitoring
Monitor the voltage, current, and frequency status of the power inlet cabinets and outlet cabinets in the equipment room.
UPS monitoring
Through the UPS system intelligent signal converter to monitor the UPS power input, output voltage, current, frequency and other parameters in the engine room, set the alarm parameters, the device fails and reach the alarm parameter setting range, and can send a warning to the monitoring center at any time.
Image monitoring
The real-time monitoring and transmission of images on the computer room site ensures that the video images of each monitoring point can be viewed at any time in the engine room center.
Temperature and humidity monitoring
For a large room, due to the influence of air flow and equipment distribution, the temperature and humidity values ​​will have a big difference. According to the actual area of ​​the host room, install a temperature and humidity sensor monitoring point to detect the temperature and humidity in the equipment room. Temperature and humidity sensors are set up in each machine room, and the temperature and humidity sensors are connected to the on-site signal acquisition controller. The collectors can communicate with the center through TCP/IP. The real-time temperature and humidity conditions of each room can be displayed through the network in the center room. Alarm when temperature and humidity cross the border.
Water leakage monitoring
The general equipment room has a large area of ​​use, and the leakage water source is generally under the computer room floor. In order to facilitate the maintenance of the engine room, a professional leak detection system should be used. Leakage monitoring system detection equipment will be surrounded by water sources, once the liquid leakage hit the induction rope, the induction rope will contact the signal signal collector through the controller, the system can achieve alarm and notify the relevant personnel to eliminate.
Smoke detection function
Ion smoke detection equipment, suitable for installation in low smoke, non-smoking places, used to detect the presence of smoke, when a certain amount of smoke into the reaction chamber of the smoke sensor, the sensor emits sound and light alarm, and outputs an alarm signal to the collector, through Accurate smoke detection provides help for fire prevention and early detection.
Centralized monitoring
The above content is monitored centrally through a computer.