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Market developers at a commercial vehicle company once said that in Europe, few individuals buy trucks. Transport companies buy cars, that is, purchase transport tools. In addition to meeting the safety and emission performance required by regulations, transportation efficiency and vehicle cost must be carefully analyzed and compared when buying a car. In the United States, the truck is like a driver's partner. From the east to the west, it may take only one week to go. It is not only to be strong and safe, but also to ride comfortably and look cool. In China, trucks are the hope of car owners to get rid of poverty. The biggest demand for cars from users is that prices are cheaper.
What kind of heroes of heavy trucks will be created in markets where price factors are so important?
Industry sources said that domestic brands such as Liberation and Dongfeng trucks can only be counted as "quasi heavy trucks." Prior to the release of Aowei heavy truck heroes, there were already brands on the heavy truck market in China, Steyr, Mercedes-Benz, Volvo, Nissan Diesel, Isuzu, etc., not Europe, or Japan. Although Steyr has undergone several rounds of major improvements from the inside to the outside, it has been a long time ago.
As a result of the globalization of auto companies and products, it is easy to overlook the regional features. However, a careful comparison of the heavy truck market in China and abroad is not difficult to find. There are great differences between them. Each market has its own uniqueness. Each brand also has its own characteristics. To be China's heavy truck heroes, it depends on whether it is most suitable for the Chinese market.
China's heavy truck market has unlimited potential
According to some statistical methods, China’s truck output has already reached the second place in the world. In 2003, the output of heavy trucks in China was 398,000 units, which was lower than the output of 770,000 units, ranking first in the world in Japan, and surpassing the output of 250,000 units, ranking third in the United States. In Germany, which ranks fourth, the output of heavy trucks in 2003 was only 160,000.
However, heavy trucks in China refer to vehicles with a total weight of over 8 tons, while European and American heavy trucks have a total weight of more than 18 tons. Industry experts have long predicted that the major trend in the development of truck products is to move toward the “two endsâ€: lighter and heavyer. In the developed countries of the world, heavy-duty goes even further.
According to the statistics of the World Association of Automobile Manufacturers, in 2002, the world's heavy truck production was 2.22 million. Although China's heavy truck production accounted for only 10%, China heavy trucks have been developing rapidly for six consecutive years. Heavy trucks are also one of the fastest growing areas in commercial vehicles in China in the past two years. According to statistics, in 2003, the output of trucks with 20 to 25 tons of domestic load increased by 114% year-on-year, and that of 25 tons or more increased by 41%.
The market is a breeding ground for "heroes." Those international heavy truck giants each maintain sales of tens of thousands of vehicles each year worldwide. With such sales, it is possible to support its R&D investment, continuously upgrade its products, and maintain lasting vitality. Although China's heavy truck market is currently not large enough in terms of market capacity, its potential for development is unlimited. China's heavy truck market should be able to make China's heavy truck giant.
The development of logistics is lagging behind
Although the capacity of China's heavy truck market is continuously expanding, it is undeniable that there is a huge gap between the development of logistics transportation and the international advanced level. The level of professional and specialized foreign transportation is high, while the logistics industry in China is extensively managed with a single service function. This gap directly affects the quality of heavy truck products.
At present, foreign developed countries have emerged a number of national and even international-scale freight enterprise groups. For example, U.S. UPS and DHL, Australia’s TNT, these transportation groups all occupy most of the local transportation market. Moreover, the scale of a few large enterprises is still gradually expanding.
Relevant statistics show that more than 80% of cargo traffic in Europe is completed by transport companies. Not only is the proportion of individual transportation low, but also the situation of companies transporting their own goods is becoming less and less.
The other direction of development of road transport in developed countries is specialization, such as moving transport companies, auto-specialized transport companies, and other specialized transport companies that transport all types of liquids (oil products, chemical products) and dry bulk cargo. Many large-scale automobile transportation companies even have a number of specialized transportation subsidiaries, even if they are of a comprehensive nature. For example, TNT Transportation Australia has more than 40 specialized subsidiaries in Australia.
In foreign countries, transportation methods such as logistics and distribution, container and sea transport, and road and rail transport have also developed rapidly.
The development of logistics distribution, intermodal transport and specialized transportation has made transport organizations and management methods more advanced, and modern communications and computer management systems have been widely adopted. The use of vehicle-based communication technology for scheduling, the use of bar code technology to carry out computer management of cargo information, the establishment of a cargo tracking system, the continuous improvement of the level of logistics management.
The improvement of the level of logistics and transportation makes the transportation efficiency and the controllability of the vehicle very important. Sometimes, a small accident and delay in the transport of vehicles will have an impact on the entire system. Therefore, in the modern transportation chain, the vehicle's efficiency, speed, and reliability are particularly important.
In China, the modern logistics industry started relatively late, and most of the transportation is still relatively simple and simple transportation. The low level of logistics development has made transportation an extremely low barrier to entry. In China, “running transportation†does not require difficult technology, does not require much professionalism, and does not even require too much social experience. Therefore, “running transportation†has become an important choice for Chinese farmers to become rich. Large transport companies are The proportion of total road transport is relatively low.
User structure affects product structure
In a sense, the product that determines the product is not the enterprise but the user. It is the difference in the level of transportation development and user structure in various countries that has formed different characteristics of commercial vehicles in various countries.
In Europe, the level of specialized transportation is high, safety and environmental regulations are strict, and energy is tight. Therefore, the vehicle has a large load, high operating economy, advanced engine technology, and increasingly powerful power. In 2003, Volvo launched the FHl6 series of trucks, equipped with D16C engine, the maximum power of 610 horsepower; Man's TGA series models equipped with 530 horsepower engine; Duff 95XF series models engine power is also 530 horsepower.
A test data on the Duff 85CF430, Mann TG-410A, Mercedes-Benz axor 184 and Renault premium shows that the fuel consumption of these four types of heavy trucks at constant speeds of 85 km/h is less than 25 liters per hour, while domestic vehicles with the same tonnage etc. Speed ​​fuel consumption is generally around 30 liters to 35 liters per 100 kilometers, which is more than 20% higher, and some models even exceed 40 liters.
This year, China's heavy-duty trucks have only just begun to require the installation of ABS, and European commercial vehicles have adopted a large number of active safety belts and airbag systems, driving anti-skid control system (ASR), engine exhaust brake, retarder, rollover warning system and other active safety Device.
North America has a wide geographical area and a long transportation time. Therefore, the requirements for the comfort and lightness of heavy trucks are relatively high in terms of driving. U.S. trucks are almost all long cars. They are luxurious in cab sleepers and living areas, and are equipped with everything from air-conditioning, communication equipment, satellite navigation, hot and cold drinks, TVs, and wardrobes. Moreover, various personalized modifications such as acoustics and appearance decoration are a unique landscape.
Japan's trucks are light, fuel-efficient and economical.
So, what kind of heavy truck products do China need?
The proportion of individual transportation in China's truck transportation market is relatively large. This special user structure makes Chinese users have a special emphasis on the selection of truck product performance. As a “poverty alleviation machineâ€, prices have always been the most influential factor in the truck market, especially the strict control of auto consumer credit, which has greatly increased the threshold for individual transportation.
According to a market survey, the factors that Chinese users consider when buying trucks are price, followed by whether or not they are “vigorousâ€, that is, vehicle speed and power, followed by maintenance costs and fuel consumption, followed by safety and reliability. And comfort.
This may explain why heavy-duty superstars who have achieved outstanding results in the international market have not performed well in the Chinese market. In the case that the level of China's logistics and transportation is still relatively backward, Mercedes-Benz, Volvo, and Renault's "aristocratic" heavy trucks can only be used as "the pagoda's spire."
Of course, in the future, as China’s overall economic level improves, the level of logistics and transportation will also greatly improve.